![]() There are many significant side effects from this drug that include malaise (66%), shivering (63%), hemorrhage (60%), infections (58%), peripheral edema (52%), pain (37%), chest discomfort (32%), edema (29%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (26%), weight increase (23%), injection site reactions (17%), anorexia (17%), weight decrease (17%), and myalgia (14%). Other significant side effects include a risk of thrombosis, benign intracranial hypertension in children, high lipids ( hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia), and liver damage. The oral form of the drug has boxed warnings concerning the risks of retinoic acid syndrome and leukocytosis. ![]() This is thought to be due to thinning of the stratum corneum leading to a decreased barrier against ultraviolet light exposure, as well as an enhanced sensitivity due to the presence of cutaneous irritation. Topical retinoids are not true photosensitizing drugs, but people using topical retinoids have described symptoms of increased sun sensitivity. Delaying application of the retinoid for at least 20 minutes after washing and drying the face may also be helpful. A non-comedogenic facial moisturizer can also be applied if needed. The fine skin flaking that is often seen can be gently exfoliated with a washcloth. If irritation is a problem, a decrease in the frequency of application to every other or every third night can be considered, and the frequency of application can be increased as tolerance improves. Common side effects include skin irritation, redness, swelling, and blistering. Topical tretinoin is only for use on the skin and should not be applied to eyes or mucosal tissues. A long-term maintenance regimen with a lower concentration or less frequent application may be an alternative to continued use. Although it has only been studied for a duration of two years, it may be continued indefinitely. Several weeks or months of use are typically required before improvement is appreciated. Topical tretinoin can be used for mild to severe photoaging in people of all skin types. Topical tretinoin is the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging. In human skin, topical retinoids increase collagen production, induce epidermal hyperplasia, and decrease keratinocyte and melanocyte atypia. Features of photoaging include fine and coarse wrinkles, change in skin pigmentation, and loss of elasticity. Photoaging is premature skin aging resulting from prolonged and repeated exposure to solar radiation. Furthermore, tretinoin in addition to chemotherapy probably results in little to no difference in the mortality, relapse, progress, mortality during the trial and infections grade III/IV. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of tretinoin in addition to chemotherapy for patients with non-APL acute myeloid leukemia on diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting and heart-related toxicity grades III/IV. Tretinoin is used to induce remission in people with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who have a mutation (the t(15 17) translocation that gives rise to the PML::RARα fusion gene). It is also useful as maintenance therapy for people who have responded well to their initial treatment, reducing the prolonged use of antibiotics for acne. In addition to treating active acne, retinoids accelerate the resolution of acne-induced postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. It is sometimes used in conjunction with other topical acne medications to enhance their penetration. Multiple studies support the efficacy of topical retinoids in the treatment of acne vulgaris. ![]() Tretinoin is most commonly used to treat acne, both inflammatory and noninflammatory. In 2020, it was the 230th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. Tretinoin is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Tretinoin was patented in 1957, and approved for medical use in 1962. It is in the retinoid family of medications. Use during pregnancy is contraindicated due to the risk of birth defects. Other severe side effects include high white blood cell counts and blood clots. When used by mouth, side effects include shortness of breath, headache, numbness, depression, skin dryness, itchiness, hair loss, vomiting, muscle pains, and vision changes. Ĭommon side effects when used as a cream are limited to the skin and include skin redness, peeling, and sun sensitivity. Topical tretinoin is also the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging. For leukemia, it is taken by mouth for up to three months. For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. Tretinoin, also known as all- trans retinoic acid ( ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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